The reason the elements belonging to this group have smaller atomic radii compared to other elements is due to high atomic charge. As we go down the group, the atomic and the ionic radii tend to increase as an extra energy shell is added. Ionic radii are the measure of the size of an atom's ion. The atomic properties of group 17 which are going to be discussed are:Ītomic radii are the measure of the distance from the center of an atom to the outermost shell containing electrons. Bromine exists as a liquid at room temperature. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine are present in the ocean water as chlorides, bromides, and iodides. Iodine exists as solid at room temperature. The dry bed of the ocean contains sodium chloride. Water in the ocean comprises 1.5% by weight of sodium chloride. It exists in its gaseous state at room temperature. Chlorine is the 20th richest element found by weight in the Earth's crust. Fluorine is also found in the soil, plants of stream water, and bones and teeth of creatures. It usually exists as insoluble fluorides, cryolites, fluorspar, and fluorapatite. It exists in the gaseous state at room temperature. Fluorine is the 13th richest element by weight in the crust of the world. Astatine is radioactive in nature and exists in a solid-state at room temperature. Halogens exist in all three different states of matter. Halogens do not exist in their free state. This is due to their tendency to pick up or share an electron to achieve an octet or closest inert gas configuration. Halogens are the most reactive non-metals. These elements require one more electron to achieve an octet or ideal gas configuration. The outermost shell is short by one electron to achieve an octet. There are 7 electrons in the outermost shell of the elements belonging to group 17. Therefore there are 7 electrons in the outermost shell. The electronic configuration of the outermost shell of the elements of group 17 is ns 2 and np 5. Group 17 elements, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, are collectively known as halogens (in Greek, halo means salt, and genes mean generating, thus collectively salt-producing). These elements are grouped together as they have similar properties. Halogens are nonmetals with high reactivity. They are called halogens as they react with metals to produce salts. The elements that are present in group 17 are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
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